Hair curler



Sept- 23, 1941- B. A. STERLING 2,256,819

HAIR CURLER Filed June 28, 1939 INVENTOR,

Patented Sept. 23, 1941 Application-June 28,

7 Claims.

This invention relates to hair waving apparatus and, more particularly, to an improved curler for producing Croquignole waves.

Croquignole waving is so well understood in the art that further description of vthexsame'is considered unnecessary except to statethat, in general, such waving comprises winding the strands of hair spirally from their outer ends upon a curler and then moistening andA subjecting the same to heat. 1

One of the main objectsofthe-inventioneis tovv provide a curler which is adapted not onlyto wind the hair into the desired wave, but is also adapted to tension the hair or produce a tight Wind without the necessity of pulling the hair taut as it is wrapped about the curler, and without the necessity of gripping the hair adjacent to the scalp to distribute thepull over the entire section of skin fromv which the strand extends asA contemplated heretofore in the art.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a curler of simple and inexpensive construction, and which may be handled and operated con-` veniently and effectively; also a curler composed of few parts and having means thereon fortensoning the hair as it is wound. Y

Further objects and advantages of the inven-l tion will appear from the following detailed. de*- scription, taken in connection withV the accom.- panying drawing in which:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective vi'ewfof a portion of a persons scalpshowing,mor-ejerT less illustratively, the manner of waving the hair` with the curler of the present invention; .l

Figure 2 is a side view of the curler; Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal section' taken on the line 4 4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a side view of the curler taken atl right angles to Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a plan view of another form protector for use with the curler;

Figure 7 is a transverse sectiontaken line 'I-l of Figure 6; and

Figure 8 is a transverse section taken on the line 8 8 of Figure 6.

on `the In carrying out the present invention, the iirst` step is to divide the hair 5 into a lock or strand S. Asuitable protector I is placed upon or over the strand 6 adjacent the scalp (Figure l) to protect the scalp against the heatl of' the' waving. operation. A

The protector 'I comprises a heatk insulating pad of felt or other suitable material havingv a slit 8 through which the strand of hair; (i` is' passed-as shown in Figure 1. The protector I is illustrative of one; suitable protector` for protecting.V the scalp against the.` heat of the waving 51 operation without grippingfthe hair adjacent to` the scalp-to distribute they pullover the section ofskin fromvwhich the.- strand 6 extends, so that.

the:` hair may be pulled` tautr from'k the scalp to; produce a tight Wave as contemplatediheretofore iny the' art.

'I Phecurler indicated in its entiretyat t0 comprises-'a'.metal spool or reelY H of circularsection diminishing in diameter from its opposite' endsl tol approximately"the` center thereof.' AV retainer f tongue I2 ispivotedI at I Bvinf-.a groove t4 at4 one endy ofA the spoel. l'l. A spring I'5- tends; tof hold the retainer I2 yieldingly against'thefspool: Il, and the retainer I2 hasa linger piece; I 6,f dee I fromthe spool H topermit theouter end of the strand of hair E tobe if desired, to facilitate removal of, the, waved hair therefrom. f

, A collar,` t8- fits telescopicallyrover. the spool: H'V at Wand is held in place, for instance, by a second col-lar:` 20 whichr ts telescopically upon the spooll l I at'2|.' over or center-punched;` at122A to secure the collar 20 Vin place on the spool, or the collarZ may beA secured in placefby pressed/fit on the spool or otherwise as desired'. The spool IVI is provided' witha finger piece at 23 forturning. the spool in the collar I8.

Pivoted at'v25 between lugs 26 on the collaril isa tensioning tongue'21. This tongue 2I is formedof athinsp'ring metal strip generally followingy the longitudinal contour of the spool Il and turnedin ati its `free endand provided A with an opening 28Y which is adapted to' be snapped into and out] of engagement with'a pin 29- formedf, for instance, integral with vthe spool II and extending axially fromJ the adjacent endv thereof. The inturned end" 30 of the tensioning @n tongue 2T isy turned out at 32V to form a linger piece forengaging the tongue 2'Iv with and disengagingsame" from theL pin 29.

After dividing the hair into the strand B' and,

Apositioning the protector 1 in place as described, .Mythe free or-` outer end of the strandv ofv hair is Lclamped between the retainer tongue I2'and rthe spool. Il' preferably' approximately intermediate the ends of lthe spool. Thisl may be accomplished by" depressing the linger'A piece I6"v to swing the 55? tongue I2 fromy the spool, then placing the outer pression of -which swings the retainer t2 away placed therebetween and,

The: spool` I t. may be peenedI end of the strand of hair in place and releasing the iinger piece, whereupon Ithe tongue grips the hair yieldingly under the action of the spring I5.

Now, by holding .the collar I8 or the tensioning tongue 21 with one hand and grasping the nger piece 23 with the other hand, the spool is turned in the collar I8 and with respect to the tongue 21 to wind the strand of hair 6 spirally from its outer end onto the spool II up to or nearly to the protector 1. As the spool II is turned, the hair is wound not only around the spool but between the spool and the tensioning tongue 21. The tongue 21, due to its resilient or inherently spring character, imposes a constant and in' creasing tension upon the wound hair as it is wrapped upon the spool. As a result, the hair is tensioned to produce a tight wind, and this is accomplished without pulling the hair taut from the scalp or from a clamp as it is wrapped about the curler.

Instead of requiring the hair to be pulled taut, the hair may be left slack as indicated, for instance, in Figure 1, and yet the desired tight wind is secured. This makes it unnecessary to grip the strand'of hair 6 adjacent the scalp with a clamp with a view to distributing the pull over the entire section of the skin from. which the strand extends.

A corrugated spring disc washer 35 is positioned upon the spool II between the shoulder 36 (Figure 4)l and the collar I8 and restrains or stops relative, and particularly relative retrograde, rotation between the collar I 8 and tensioning tongue 21 and the spool II under the action of the wound hair, for instance, when the nger piece 23 is released.

After the strand of hair is wound as described, a pad is then appliedand, with it, the desired waving solution, whereupon a heater may be applied to produce'the permanent wave, desired. Instead of using a heater, the pad may contain, for example, copper chloride, talc and aluminum, or other suitable chemical means which will develop heat upon moistening with water. These features per se form no part of the present invention and are so well understood by those skilled in the art that further description of the same is considered unnecessary.

Upon completion of the wave the tensioning tongue 21 is opened and the wound or waved strand of hair may be slipped longitudinally from the curler.

The form of protector designated in its entirety at 40 in Figure '6` may be used instead of the protector 1. It comprises a pair of metal jaws 4I, 42, one 'of which is iixedbetween platesA 43. The other jaw 42 `is pivoted at BIJ between the plates 43 and is thereby pivoted to the jaw 4I. The jaws 4I, 42 are covered wholly or partially as shown by sheaths 44 of rubber1 or other suitable material and have ringer pieces at 45 for swinging the jaws to open position. The outer end of the jaw 4I is notched at 46, and a spring detent 41 is anchored to the other jaw 42 at 48. The detent'41 has a catch 49whieh is adapted to snap into the notch- 46 to hold the jaws 4I, 42 closed and the extending end 50 provides a finger piece for releasing the detent in order to open the jaws.

A lug 52 formed integral with or secured to the jaw 42 forms a stop for limiting the releasing lmovement of the detent 41 and for retaining' same in the desired position. Pads 54 of felt or other suitable material are glued or otherwise secured to the inner sides of the sheaths 44 and cover the jaws to assure adequate insulation between the head and the heater. The jaws are preferably curved to conform substantially to the curvature of the head.

In the use of the protector 49 the jaws are opened and placed over the strand of hair 6 adjacent to the scalp, whereupon the jaws are released and swing to closed position under the action of a spring indicated at 56. Upon reach ing closed posi-tion the detent 41 snaps into place to lock the jaws closed upon the strand of hair. This form of protector is not intended to grip the hair in a manner to distribute any pull over the entire section of skin from which the strand extends because, as before, pulling of the hair from the scalp or from a clamp placed upon the strand of hair adjacent the scalp is not relied on to provide the desired tight wind. The tight wind and the desired tensioning of the hair as it is woundis secured bythe tensioning tongue 21 of the curler as before.

I claim:

1. A hair waving curler comprising a spool. a retainer for gripping a strand of hair to said spool, a tensioning tongue carried by said spool for tensioning the hair as it is wound on Ythe spool, said spool being adapted to be turned relative to saidtongue, and a pin projecting endwise from saidv spool, said tongue being turned in and adapted for releasable engagement with said pin.

2. A hair Waving curler comprising a spool. a retainer for gripping a strand of hair to said spool, a tensioning tongue pivotally supported at one' end on said spool, said tongue being of resilient character to tension the strand of hair as it is wound on said spool,rsaid spool being adapted to be turned relative to said tensioning tongue, and a pin projecting endwise from said spool, said tensioning tongue'being turned in andl adapted for releasable engagement with said pin.

3. A hair waving curler comprising a spool, a retainer pivoted to said spool, a spring interposed between said retainer and said spool for holding the retainer yieldingly in position to grip a strand of hair, a tensioning tongue pivotally supported at one end on said spool, said tongue being of resilient character to tension the strand of hair as it is wound on said spool, said spool being adapted tobe turned relative to said tensioning tongue, and a pin projecting endwise from said spool,

,said tongue being turned in and adapted for releasable engagement with said pin.

4. A hair waving curler comprising a spool, a collar mounted on said spool, a tensioning tongue pivoted to said collar at one end and adapted to tension the hair as it is wound on the spool, and a pin projecting endwise from said spool, said tensioning tongue being' turned in and adapted for releasable engagement with said pin.

5. A hair waving curler comprising a spool, a tensioning tongue pivotally carried in proximity to one end thereof by said spool and adapted for tensioning the hairas it is wound on the spool, and means cooperating with said tongue in proximity to the opposite end thereof for holding the tongue tothe spool, said tongue being adapted to be released from said holding means to free the tongue for swinging movement to open position.

6. A hair waving curler comprising a collar, a spool mounted to turn in said collar, a retainer for gripping a strand of hair to said spool, a tensioning tongue pivoted in proximity to one end thereof on said collar and adapted for tensioning the hair as it is wound on the spool, and means cooperating with said tongue in proximity to the opposite end thereof for holding the tongue to the spool, said tongue being adapted to be released from said holding means to free the tongue for swinging movement to open position.

7. A hair waving curler comprising,r a colar,

a. spool mounted to turn in said collar, a retainer BERNARD A. STERLING. 

